Examine the various innovations in print technology in the late 19th century and early 20th century.

OR

Describe the process of development of novels in Hindi.

There was a significant and reformative innovation in print technology during the late 19^th and early 20^th century.

1. Richard M Hoe of New York innovated the power-driven cylindrical press. This was capable of printing more than eight thousand sheets per hour.

2. The development in offset printing was remarkable. This offset print could print up to six colours at a time.

3. Printing processes were speeded up by the electrically operated presses during the twentieth century.

4. Other developments like improved quality of plates, photoelectric controls of the colour register, innovative ways of feeding paper were introduced in the early twentieth century. This helped in speeding up the process of printing.

The improvements in printing technology with attractive colour printing attracted a wide range of readers from kids to adults.

OR

The novels in Hindi owes its origin to the nineteenth century.

1. Bhartendu Harishchandra was the pioneer of modern Hindi Literature.

2. Srinivas Das of Delhi wrote the first Hindi novel in 1882 titled Pariksha-Guru which means The Master Examiner.

3. Chandrakanta was a very popular novel. It was written by Devaki Nandan Khatri.

4. Premchand’s novels like Sewasadan meaning The Abode of Service changed people’s views about novels. The living conditions of the people and the social issues were brought to the limelight.

The plight of Hindi novels changed its focus from the world of fantasy to real life conditions. This attracted more reading population.