Q18 of 27 Page 1

Suggest and explain the assisted reproductive techniques which will help a couple to have children, where the female had a blockage in the fallopian tube, and the male partner had a low sperm count.

• Artificial Insemination is a technique to solve infertility due to low sperm count in the male partner. In this technique, the semen collected from a husband or healthy donor is artificially introduced into the uterus of the female – intra-uterine insemination.


• In vitro fertilization followed by embryo transfer is an assisted reproductive technology where ova from the wife or female donor and sperms from husband or male donor are collected and are induced to form zygote under suitable conditions in laboratory, the embryo with more than 8 blastomeres could be then transferred into uterus (intra uterine transfer) to complete further development.


• Transfer of ovum collected from a female with blocked fallopian tubes into a healthy female – gamete intra fallopian transfer.


• Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection: formation of the embryo in the laboratory where sperm is directly injected into the ovum.


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OR


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a) How do DNA fragments migrate and resolve in Gel electrophoresis?

b) How is lane one different from lane 2, 3 and 4 in the Gel electrophoresis set up?


c) How are pure DNA fragments made observable in the visible light?


dna.png

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a) Construct a complete transcription unit with promoter and terminator on the basis of the hypothetical template strand given below:

atgc.png


(b) Write the RNA strand transcribed from the above transcription unit along with its polarity.


OR


(a) Mention two events in which DNA is unzipped.


(b) Predict the consequences when both the template and the coding strands of a DNA segment participate in the transcription process?

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As a biologist explain the technique to a dairy farmer for increasing the yield of herd size of cattle in a short time.