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(x + 3) √(3 - 4x - x2) dx =
add and subtract 4 from above equation:
= ∫ (x + 3) √(3 + 4 - 4 - 4x - x2) dx
= ∫ (x + 3) √[7 - (x2 + 4x + 4)] dx
= ∫ (x + 3) √[7 - (x + 2)2] dx
= ∫ (x + 3) √[(√7)2 - (x + 2)2] dx
Let:
x + 2 = (√7)sinθ
x = (√7)sinθ - 2
dx = (√7)cosθ. dθ
yielding, by trig substitution:
∫ (x + 3) √[(√7)2 - (x + 2)2] dx
= ∫ {[(√7)sinθ - 2] + 3} √{(√7)2 - [(√7)sinθ]2} dx
= ∫ [(√7)sinθ - 2 + 3] [√(7 - 7sin2θ)] (√7)cosθ dθ
= ∫ [(√7)sinθ + 1] {√[7(1 - sin2θ)]} (√7)cosθ dθ
(replacing 1 - sin2θ with cos2θ)
= ∫ [(√7)sinθ + 1] [√(7cos2θ)] (√7)cosθ dθ
= ∫ [(√7)sinθ + 1] (√7)cosθ (√7)cosθ dθ
= ∫ [(√7)sinθ + 1] (√7)2cos2θ dθ
= ∫ [(√7)sinθ + 1] 7cos2θ dθ
= ∫ [7(√7)cos2θ sinθ + 7cos2θ] dθ
Rewrite the argument of the second cos2θ as (2θ)/2:
∫ {7(√7)cos2θ sinθ + 7cos2[(2θ)/2]} dθ
= let's apply (to cos2[(2θ)/2]) the half - angle formula cos2(α/2) = (1 + cos α)/2:
∫ {7(√7)cos2θ sinθ + 7{[1 + cos(2θ)] /2} } dθ
= ∫ {7(√7)cos2θ sinθ + (7/2)[1 + cos(2θ)]} dθ
= ∫ [7(√7)cos2θ sinθ + (7/2) + (7/2)cos(2θ)] dθ
= 7(√7) ∫ cos2θ sinθ dθ + (7/2) ∫ dθ + (7/2) ∫ cos(2θ) dθ
(dividing and multiplying the last integral by 2 that is the derivative of the argument 2θ)
= 7(√7) ∫ cos2θ sinθ dθ + (7/2) ∫ dθ + (7/2)(1/2) ∫ cos(2θ) 2 dθ = 7(√7) ∫ cos2θ sinθ dθ + (7/2)θ + (7/4) ∫ cos(2θ) d(2θ)
(∫ cos[f(x)] d[f(x)] = sin[f(x)] + C)
= 7(√7) ∫ cos2θ sinθ dθ + (7/2)θ + (7/4)sin(2θ)
let's change signs in the remaining integrand:
= 7(√7) ∫ ( - cos2θ) ( - sinθ) dθ + (7/2)θ + (7/4)sin(2θ) =
(being - sinθ the derivative of cosθ)
= 7(√7) ∫ ( - cos2θ) d(cosθ) + (7/2)θ + (7/4)sin(2θ)
= - 7(√7) ∫ cos2θ d(cosθ) + (7/2)θ + (7/4)sin(2θ)
(by the integration rule ∫ f(x)ⁿ d[f(x)] = [1/(n + 1)] f(x)ⁿ⁺1 + C)
= - 7(√7) [1/(2 + 1)] (cosθ)2⁺ 1 + (7/2)θ + (7/4)sin(2θ) + C
= - 7(√7) (1/3)(cosθ)3 + (7/2)θ + (7/4)sin(2θ) + C
(applying the double - angle formula sin(2θ) = 2sinθ cosθ)
= - [(7√7)/3]cos3θ + (7/2)θ + (7/4)2sinθ cosθ + C =
= - [(7√7)/3]cos3θ + (7/2)θ + (7/2)sinθ cosθ + C
But x + 2 = (√7)sinθ; hence:
sinθ = (x + 2)/√7
θ = arcsin[(x + 2)/√7]
cosθ = √(1 - sin2θ)
= √{1 - [(x + 2)/√7]2}
= √{1 - [(x + 2)2/7]}
= √{1 - [(x2 + 4x + 4)/7]}
= √{[7 - (x2 + 4x + 4)} /7}
= √[(7 - x2 - 4x - 4)} /7]
= [√(3 - 4x - x2)] /√7
then, substituting back:
- [(7√7)/3]cos3θ + (7/2)θ + (7/2)sinθ cosθ + C
= - [(7√7)/3] {[√(3 - 4x - x2)] /√7}3 +
(7/2)arcsin[(x + 2)/√7] + (7/2) [(x + 2)/√7] {[√(3 - 4x - x2)] /√7} + C
= - [(7√7)/3] {[√(3 - 4x - x2)3] /√73} + (7/2)arcsin[(x + 2)/√7] + (7/2) [(x + 2)/√72] √(3 - 4x - x2) + C
= - [(7√7)/3] {[√(3 - 4x - x2)3] /√(72 ∙ 7)} + (7/2)arcsin[(x + 2)/√7] + (7/2)[(x + 2)/7] √(3 - 4x - x2) + C
= - [(7√7)/3] {[√(3 - 4x - x2)3] /(7√7)} + (7/2)arcsin[(x + 2)/√7] + (1/2)(x + 2)√(3 - 4x - x2) + C
ending with:
= - (1/3)√(3 - 4x - x2)3 + (7/2)arcsin[(x + 2)/√7] + (1/2)(x + 2)√(3 - 4x - x2) + C.
Couldn't generate an explanation.
Generated by AI. May contain inaccuracies — always verify with your textbook.


