Q15 of 23 Page 4

Distinguish between esterification and saponification reactions with the help of the chemical equations for each. State one use of each (i) esters, and (ii) saponification process. (CBSE 2017)

Esterification is the process by which esters are formed when an alcohol reacts with an acid in presence of conc. Sulphuric acid.

R’OH + RCOOH → RCOOR’ + H2O


CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O


Saponification reaction is when ester reacts with NaOH, to form sodium salt of acid and alcohol.


RCOOR’ + NaOH → RCOONa + R’OH


CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3COONa + C2H5OH


Esters are used in making perfumes, artificial flavouring agents, ice-creams, cold drinks.


Saponification process is used in making soaps.

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