Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 13.

(i) What is the meaning of urbanization?

(ii) Explain any two reasons for the growth of towns and cities in India.

(i) Urbanisation refers to the movement of people and human settlements from the rural areas to the urban areas. Employment opportunities, higher standard of living, better facilities and infrastructure force people to migrate from rural areas to urban areas.

(ii) The urban migration is the common situation in which people from rural areas will move to urban migration due to attraction towards employment, education, health, and some other factors. Migration mainly happens from rural to urban due to many reasons. The main reasons for the migration are:

• Employment opportunities: Lack of employment in rural areas is the main reason for the migration from rural to urban occurs. In urban areas, there will be more employment opportunities due to factories and industries.

• Better education: Another reason for the migration from the rural to urban is for the attraction towards the better education facility in urban. Schooling in rural areas is minute and will lack in the quality of teaching.

• Better health care: Urban areas provide better health care and infrastructure facility which will attract the migrants from the rural to urban. Health facility in the interior areas will be worse than the facility in urban areas.