Q4 of 27 Page 1

What are ‘flocs’, formed during secondary treatment of sewage?

OR


Write any two places where methanogens can be found.



Flocs are the masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh like structures.

Explanation:
During the secondary treatment of sewage, the primary effluent is passed into the large aeration tanks where it is continuously agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it. This leads to the vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs.


OR


Methanogens are found in cattle dung and in rumen of the cattle.


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2

State the two principal outcomes of the experiments conducted by Louis Pasteur on origin of life.

 3

Name the layer of the atmosphere that is associated with ‘good ozone’.

OR


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 5

At what stage does the meiosis occur in an organism exhibiting haploidic life cycle and mention the fate of the products thus produced.

 6

You are conducting artificial hybridization on papaya and potato. Which one of them would require the step of emasculation and why? However for both you will use the process of bagging. Justify giving one reason.