Q8 of 27 Page 1

Differentiate between the roles of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes in generating immune responses.

OR


Principle of vaccination is based on the property of “memory” of the immune system. Taking one suitable example, justify the statement.



OR


Principle of vaccination is based on the property of “memory” of the immune system. Taking an example of polio vaccine in which weakened pathogens of polio are introduced into the body orally. The body starts producing anti-bodies against those pathogens which fight against the pathogens during actual infection. The vaccine generates memory B-cells and T-cells which recognize the pathogen quickly on subsequent exposure. The vaccination works similarly in all the cases.

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6

You are conducting artificial hybridization on papaya and potato. Which one of them would require the step of emasculation and why? However for both you will use the process of bagging. Justify giving one reason.

 7

How would the gene flow or genetic drift affect the population in which either of them happen to take place?

 9

Explain the relevance of “Totipotency” and “Somaclones” in raising healthy banana plants from virus infected banana plants.

 10

How is a continuous culture system maintained in bioreactors and why?