Do you think Mendel’s laws of inheritance would have been different if the characters that he chose were located on the same chromosome?

Mendel’s laws of inheritance would not have been different even if the characters were located on the same chromosome. Because there is no change in the law of dominance that characters are controlled by discrete units called factors, factors open in pairs, and in a pair of dissimilar pair of factors one member of the pair dominates the other. And the universally applicable law of segregation that even though the parents contain two alleles during gamete formation, the alleles of a pair segregate from each other such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors or alleles.