How do genes and chromosomes share similarity from the point of view of genetical studies?

From the studies of behaviour of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis it was concluded that the chromosomes and genes occur in pairs and they segregate at the gamete formation and only one of each pair is transmitted to a gamete. The two alleles of agene pair are located on homologous sites of homologous chromosomes. The genes and chromosomes segregate independently of another pair and each other respectively.