In the following question a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.

Assertion (A): Among the two O–H bonds in H2O molecule, the energy required to break the first O–H bond and the other O–H bond is the same.

Reason (R) : This is because the electronic environment around oxygen is the same even after breakage of one O–H bond.

(i) A and R both are correct, and R is correct explanation of A.

(ii) A and R both are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) A is true but R is false.

(iv) A and R both are false.

In the following question a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.

Assertion (A) : Sodium chloride formed by the action of chlorine gas on sodium metal is a stable compound.

Reason (R) : This is because sodium and chloride ions acquire octet in sodium chloride formation.

(i) A and R both are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) A and R both are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) A is true but R is false.

(iv) A and R both are false.

In the following question a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.

Assertion (A) : Though the central atom of both NH₃ and H₂O molecules are sp³ hybridised, yet H–N–H bond angle is greater than that of H–O–H.

Reason (R) : This is because nitrogen atom has one lone pair and oxygen atom has two lone pairs.

(i) A and R both are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) A and R both are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) A is true but R is false.

(iv) A and R both are false.

(i) Discuss the significance/ applications of dipole moment.

(ii) Represent diagrammatically the bond moments and the resultant dipole moment in CO₂ , NF₃ and CHCl₃.

Use the molecular orbital energy level diagram to show that N2 would be expected to have a triple bond, F2, a single bond and Ne2, no bond.