Q34 of 37 Page 1

Define and write an example for the following:

(a) Broad-spectrum antibiotics.


(b) Analgesics


(a) Broad-spectrum antibiotics are antibiotics which kill or inhibit a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Examples are Ampicillin and Amoxycillin which are synthetic modifications of penicillin.


(b) Analgesics are neurologically active drugs which affect the message transfer mechanism from nerve to receptor. Analgesics reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, incoordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of the nervous system. They are classified into narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics. Examples of non-narcotic analgesics are paracetamol and aspirin. Examples of narcotic analgesics are morphine and its synthetic analogues.


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32

Identify the product formed when propan-1-ol is treated with Conc. H2SO4 at 413 K. Write the mechanism involved for the above reaction.

 33

(a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:

(i) Ethanal and Propanone.


(ii) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one.(b) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their acid strength: Benzoic acid, 4- Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4- Methoxybenzoic acid.


OR


Compare the reactivity of benzaldehyde and ethanal towards nucleophilic addition reactions. Write the cross aldol condensation product between benzaldehyde and ethanal.


 35

(a) The e.m.f. of the following cell at 298 K is 0.1745 V

Fe (s) / Fe2+(0.1 M)//H+(xM)/ H2 (g) (1 bar)/ Pt (s)


Given:


= -0.44V


Calculate the H+ ions concentration of the solution at the electrode where hydrogen is being produced.


(b)Aqueous solution of copper sulphate and silver nitrate are electrolysed by 1 ampere current for 10 minutes in separate electrolytic cells. Will the mass of copper and silver deposited on the cathode be same or different? Explain your answer.


OR


(a) Calculate the degree of dissociation of 0.0024 M acetic acid if conductivity of this solution is 8.0 × 10-5 S cm-1.


Given: = 349.6 S cm2 mol-1; = 40.9 S cm2 mol-1


(b) Solutions of two electrolytes ‘A’ and ‘B’ are diluted. The limiting molar conductivity of ‘B’ increases to a smaller extent while that of ‘A’ increases to a much larger extent comparatively. Which of the two is a strong electrolyte? Justify your answer.


 36

An organic compound A with molecular formula C7H7NO reacts with Br2/aq. KOH to give compound B, which upon reaction with NaNO2 & HCl at 0°C gives C. Compound C on heating with CH3CH2OH gives a hydrocarbon D. Compound B on further reaction with Br2 water gives white precipitate of compound E. Identify the compound A, B, C, D & E; also justify your answer by giving relevant chemical equations.

OR


(a) How will you convert:


(i) Aniline into Fluorobenzene.


(ii) Benzamide into Benzylamine.


(iii) Ethanamine to N,N-Diethylethanamine.


(b)Write the structures of A and B in the following:


(i)


(ii)