Discuss the three stages of demographic transition

The three stages of demographic transition are as follows:-

• The first stage has a high fertility rate as well as high mortality rate. The high fertility rate is because people reproduce more because of the epidemic and food scarcity due to which the mortality rate rose. Agriculture was the primary occupation of the family, and most of the offspring were indulged in helping the family economic condition. Life expectancy is low, and people were mostly illiterate and had low levels of technology.

• Fertility rate remains high at the beginning of the second stage, but it decreases with time so as the mortality rate. Improved healthcare and sanitisation help to reduce the mortality rate and therefore the population becomes high.

• In the last stage, both the fertility and mortality rate decline considerably and the population becomes either slow or grows very slowly. The population becomes urbanised, literate, technology-oriented and controls family planning.