Q22 of 26 Page 1

Define the following terms:

(a) Tranquilizer


(b) Anionic detergent


(c) Disinfectant


(a) Tranquilizers are a class of chemical compounds used for the treatment of stress, and mild or even severe mental diseases. These relieve anxiety, stress, irritability or excitement by inducing a sense of well-being.


Examples are chlordiazepoxide and meprobamate used for relieving tension. Equanil is used in controlling depression and hypertension.


(b) Anionic detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons. In anionic detergents, the anionic part of the molecule is involved in the cleansing action. E.g. Sodium laurylsulphate.


(c) Disinfectants are also the chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. These are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments, etc.


For example, 1% solution of phenol, chlorine in the concentration of 0.2 to 0.4 ppm in aqueous solution and sulphur dioxide in very low concentrations, are disinfectants.


More from this chapter

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20

Draw the structures of the major monohalo product for each of the following reactions:

2019-11-28.png


 21

Account for the following:

(a) CuCl2 is more stable than Cu2Cl2.


(b) Atomic radii of 4d and 5d series elements are nearly same.


(c) Hydrochloric acid is not used in permanganate titrations.


 23

After watching a programme on TV about the presence of carcinogens (cancer causing agents) Potassium bromate and Potassium iodate in bread and other bakery products, Veena, a class XII student, decided to make others aware about the adverse effects of these carcinogens in foods. She consulted the school principal and requested him to instruct the canteen contractor to stop selling sandwiches, pizzas, burgers and other bakery products to the students. The principal took an immediate action and instructed the canteen contractor to replace the bakery products with some proteins and vitamins-rich food like fruits, salads, sprouts, etc. The decision was welcomed by the parents and students.

After reading the above passage, answer the following questions:


(a) What are the values (at least two) displayed by Veena?


(b) Which polysaccharide component of carbohydrates is commonly present in bread?


(c) Write the two types of secondary structures of proteins.


(d) Give two examples of water soluble vitamins.


 24

(a) A first order reaction is 75% completed in 40 minutes. Calculate its t1/2.

(b) Predict the order of the reaction in the given plots:


2019-11-29.png


Where, [R]o is the initial concentration of reactant. (Given: log 2 = 0.3010, log 4 = 0.6021)


OR


The following data were obtained for the reaction:


2 NO + O2→2 NO2



(a) Find the order of reaction with respect to NO and O2.


(b) Write the rate law and overall order of reaction.


(c) Calculate the rate constant (k).