Q22 of 26 Page 1

Define the following terms:

(i) Antacids (ii) Antiseptic (iii) Tranquillizers


(i) Antacids are used for treatment for acidity and to decrease the over production of acid in the stomach which causes irritation and pain. In severe cases, ulcers are developed in the stomach.


Examples are sodium hydrogencarbonate or a mixture of aluminium and magnesium hydroxide.


(ii) Antiseptics are the chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.


Examples are furacine, soframicine, etc. These are not ingested like antibiotics. Commonly used antiseptic, dettol is a mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol. Iodine is a powerful antiseptic. Its 2-3 per cent solution in alcoholwater mixture is known as tincture of iodine. It is applied on wounds. Iodoform is also used as an antiseptic for wounds. Boric acid in dilute aqueous solution is weak antiseptic for eyes.


(iii) Tranquilizers are a class of chemical compounds used for the treatment of stress, and mild or even severe mental diseases. These relieve anxiety, stress, irritability or excitement by inducing a sense of well-being.


Examples are chlordiazepoxide and meprobamate used for relieving tension. Equanil is used in controlling depression and hypertension.


More from this chapter

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20

(a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

(i) (CH3)2NH and (CH3)3N


(ii) Aniline and Ethylamine


(b) Write IUPAC name of CH3CH2NHCH3.


 21

(a) Identify the monomers in the following polymeric structure:


(b) On the basis of forces between their molecules in a polymer to which class polyester belong?


(c) Give an example of step growth polymer.


 23

Sheela, domestic helper of Mrs. Vimla, fainted while sweeping the floor. Mrs. Vimla immediately took her to the nearby hospital where she was diagnosed to be severely anaemic. The doctor prescribed an iron rich diet and multi vitamins supplement to her. Mrs. Vimla supported her financially to get the medicines. After a month, Sheela was diagnosed to be normal.

After reading the above passage, answer the following questions.


(i) Name the vitamin whose deficiency causes pernicious anaemia.


(ii) What are vitamins and how are they classified?


(iii) What values (any two) are displayed by Mrs. Vimla?


 24

(a) Examine the given defective crystal:


Answer the following questions:


(i) Is the above defect stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric?


(ii) Write the term used for this type of defect. Give an example of the compound which shows this type of defect.


(iii) How does this defect affect the density of the crystal?


(b) Write two differences between amorphous solids and crystalline solids.


OR


(a) In terms of band theory, how are conductors different from semi conductors and insulators? Give one example of each.


(b) Why does the electrical conductivity of semi conductors increase with rise in temperature?


(c) What is the formula of a compound in which the element Y form hcp lattice and atom X occupies 1/3rd of octahedral voids?