Q14 of 26 Page 1

Define the following terms:

(i) Sorption


(ii) Zeta potential


(iii) Kraft temperature


(i) Sorption- When both adsorption and absorption takes place simultaneously then the process is called sorption.


(ii) Zeta potential- The potential difference developed between the fixed layer and diffused layer of opposite charges in the colloidal sol is called Zeta potential.


(iii) Kraft temperature- The formation of micelles take place only above a certain concentration and only above a particular temperature called Kraft temperature (TK).


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12

Give reasons:

(i) The -hydrogen atoms of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature.


(ii) Propanone is less reactive than ethanol toward addition of HCN.


(iii) Benzoic acid does not give Friedal-Crafts reaction.


OR


How can you convert?


(i) Toluene to Benzaldehyde


(ii) Ethanoic acid to 2-chloroethanoic acid


(iii) Acetone to Propane


 13

An element crystallizes in a fcc lattice with cell edge of 400 pm. Calculate the density if 200 g of this element contain 2.5 × 1024 atoms.

 15

Calculate the freezing point of solution when 2 g of Na2SO4 (M = 142 gmol-1) was dissolved in 50 g of water, assuming Na2SO4 undergoes complete ionization. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)

 16

Give reasons:

(i) PCl5 is more covalent than PCl3.


(ii) O-O bond has lower bond dissociation enthalpy than S-S bond.


(iii) F2 is a stronger oxidizing agent than Cl2.