Assertion: A geneticist crossed a pea plant having violet flowers with a pea plant with white flowers, he got all violet flowers in the first generation.

Reason: White colour gene is not passed on to the next generation.

a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.

b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

c) A is true, but R is false.

d) A is false, but R is true.

For question numbers 14, 15 and 16, two statements are given- one labeled Assertion (A) and the other labeled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:

Assertion: After white washing the walls, a shiny white finish on walls is obtained after two to three days.

Reason: Calcium Oxide reacts with Carbon dioxide to form Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate which gives shiny white finish.

a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.

b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

c) A is true, but R is false.

d) A is false, but R is true.

Assertion: Food chain is responsible for the entry of harmful chemicals in our bodies.

Reason: The length and complexity of food chains vary greatly.

a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.

b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

c) A is true, but R is false.

d) A is false, but R is true.

OR

Assertion: Greater number of individuals are present in lower trophic levels.

Reason: The flow of energy is unidirectional.

a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.

b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

c) A is true, but R is false.

d) A is false, but R is true.

Read the following and answer any four questions from 17 (i) to 17 (v)

All living cells require energy for various activities. This energy is available by the breakdown of simple carbohydrates either using oxygen or without using oxygen

(i) Energy in the case of higher plants and animals is obtained by

a) Breathing

b) Tissue respiration

c) Organ respiration

d) Digestion of food

(ii) The graph below represents the blood lactic acid concentration of an athlete during a race of 400 m and shows a peak at point D.

Lactic acid production has occurred in the athlete while running in the 400 m race. Which of the following processes explains this event?

a) Aerobic respiration

b) Anaerobic respiration

c) Fermentation

d) Breathing

(iii) Study the graph below that represents the amount of energy supplied with respect to the time while an athlete is running at full speed.

(iv) The characteristic processes observed in anaerobic respiration are

i) presence of oxygen

ii) release of carbon dioxide

iii) release of energy

iv) release of lactic acid

a) i) ,ii) only

b) i), ii), iii) only

c) ii), iii), iv) only

d) iv) only

(v) Study the table below and select the row that has the incorrect information

Read the following and answer any four questions from 18 (i) to 18 (v).

Metallic Character

The ability of an atom to donate electrons and form positive ions (cation) is known as electropositivity or metallic character. Down the group, metallic character increases due to increase in atomic size and across the period, from left to right electropositivity decreases due to decrease in atomic size.

Non-Metallic Character

The ability of an atom to accept electrons to form a negative ion (anion) is called non-metallic character or electronegativity. The elements having high electro-negativity have a higher tendency to gain electrons and form anion. Down the group, electronegativity decreases due to increase in atomic size and across the period, from left to right electronegativity increases due to decrease in atomic size.

(i) Which of the following correctly represents the decreasing order of metallic character of Alkali metals plotted in the graph?

a) Cs>Rb>Li>Na>K

b) K>Rb>Li>Na>Cs

c) Cs>Rb>K>Na>Li

d) Cs>K>Rb>Na>Li

(ii) Hydrogen is placed along with Alkali metals in the modern periodic table though it shows non-metallic character

a) as Hydrogen has one electron & readily loses electron to form negative ion

b) as Hydrogen can easily lose one electron like alkali metals to form positive ion

c) as Hydrogen can gain one electron easily like Halogens to form negative ion

d) as Hydrogen shows the properties of non-metals

(iii) Which of the following has highest electronegativity?

a) F

b) Cl

c) Br

d) I

(iv) Identify the reason for the gradual change in electronegativity in halogens down the group.

a) Electronegativity increases down the group due to decrease in atomic size

b) Electronegativity decreases down the group due to decrease in tendency to lose electrons

c) Electronegativity decreases down the group due to increase in atomic radius/ tendency to gain electron decreases

d) Electronegativity increases down the group due to increase in forces of attractions between nucleus & valence electrons

(v) Which of the following reason correctly justifies that “Fluorine (72pm) has smaller atomic radius than Lithium (152pm)”?

a) F and Li are in the same group. Atomic size increases down the group

b) F and Li are in the same period. Atomic size increases across the period due to increase in number of shells

c) F and Li are in the same group. Atomic size decreases down the group

d) F and Li are in the same period and across the period atomic size/radius decreases from left to right.