Q29 of 36 Page 1

Explain where and how urine is produced?

-


Blood passes through filtration units in the kidney called the nephrons.

- It passes through glomerulus in the Bowman's capsule and all the fluid except the formed elements and large proteins are passed into the renal tubules - Glomerular Ultrafiltration


- This Glomerular filtrate initially has glucose, amino acids, water, salts and nitrogenous waste.


- Tubular Reabsorption – Water (as per the need of the body), Glucose and amino acids are all reabsorbed.


- Secretion of excess water, Salts and Urea (nitrogenous waste) which makes up the urine is done throughout the renal tubule - Tubular secretion


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Analyse the result and describe the mechanism of inheritance which explains these results


OR


In humans, there is a 50% probability of the birth of a boy and 50 % probability that a girl will be born. Justify the statement on the basis of the mechanism of sex-determination in human beings.


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Plastic cups were used to serve tea in trains in early days- these could be returned to the vendors, cleaned and reused. Later,Kulhads were used instead of plastic cups. Now, paper cups are used for serving tea.

What are the reasons for the shift from Plastic to Kulhads and then finally to paper cups?


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(a)Which of the following reactions is/ are an endothermic reaction(s) where decomposition also happens?

● Respiration


● Heating of lead nitrate


● Decomposition of organic matter


● Electrolysis of acidified water


b. Silver chloride when kept in the open turns grey. Illustrate this with a balanced chemical equation.


 31

The following table shows the position of five elements A, B, C, D and E in the modern periodic table.


Answer the following giving reasons:


(i) Which element is a metal with valency two?


(ii) Which element is least reactive?


(iii) Out of D and E which element has a smaller atomic radius?