A potted plant having straight parts A and B was placed horizontally on its side as shown in Figure (i). After a few days it was observed that the parts A and B of the plant acquire new positions as shown:

(a) Name the phenomenon exhibited by the position of plant parts A and B in Figure (ii)

(b) Name the stimulus (other than sunlight) which causes plant part A to grow and bend upwards, and plant part B to bend downwards.

The top part A of the flask-shaped reproductive organ X in the flower of a plant secretes a surgery substance into its lower part B which goes towards the bottom part C of the flask-shaped organ. When a tiny grain D coming from the top part E of another reproductive organ Y in the flower falls on part A, it grows a long tube F through the organ X in response to the sugary substance and reaches the bottom part C of flask � shaped organ to carry out fertilisation.

(a) What is (i) organ X, and (ii) organ Y, inside the flower?

(b) Name parts (i) A (ii) B, and (iii) C, of flask-shaped organ.

(c) Name (i) grain D, and (ii) part E of organ Y.

(d) Name the tube F.

(e) What is the phenomenon of growing a long tube in response to a sugary substance in the process of fertilization in a flower known as?

P, Q, R and S are four major types of phytohormones. P is a phytohormone which functions mainly as a growth inhibitor. It promotes the wilting and falling of leaves. Q, R and S are phytohormones which all promote growth of plants in various ways. Q is responsible for the phenomenon of phototropism in plants. R is involved mainly in shoot extensions. The phytohormone S helps in breaking the dormancy of seeds and buds. What are P, Q, R and S? Give one reason each for your choice.

When the leaves of a sensitive plant are touched with a finger, they fold up and when light fades at dusk, the petals of a dandelion flower close.

(a) State one way in which the above two processes are similar.

(b) State two ways in which the above two processes differ.

Name the two systems of control and coordination in higher animals.