Which is the target organ of both adrenaline and insulin?

(a) heart

(b) kidney

(c) liver

(d) pancreas

Correct Answer: (c)

The gland A is attached to the wind pipe in the human body. The gland A makes and secretes a hormone B which controls the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body. The non-metal element C is necessary for the formation of hormone B. The deficiency of C in the diet can cause a deficiency of hormone B in the body leading to a disease D in which the neck of a person appears to be swollen. People are advised to use salt E in cooking food so as to avoid disease D.

(a) Name (i) gland A, and (ii) hormone B

(b) What is the element C?

(c) Name one type of food which can provide sufficient C in the diet of a person.

(d) Name (i) disease D, and (ii) salt E.

A piece of thread was tied tightly around an animal's pancreatic duct. The animal subsequently had difficulty in digesting food but did not get diabetes. Explain.

A gland W is located just below the stomach in the human body. The gland W secretes a hormone X. The deficiency of hormone X in the body causes a disease Y in which the blood sugar level of a person rises too much. The person having high blood sugar is called Z.

(a) Name (i) gland W, and (ii) hormone X.

(b) What is the function of hormone X?

(c) Name (i) disease Y, and (ii) person Z.

(d) What advice would you like to give to a person who is suffering from disease Y due to faulty life-style?

There are two similar glands P which are located on the top of two similar organs Q in the human body. The glands P are often called glands of emergency and they secrete a hormone R into the blood stream. The hormone R is secreted in large amounts when a person is frightened. It brings about temporary changes in the body which allow a lot of substance S from the liver to go into blood so as to provide a lot of energy in a very short time. This helps the person concerned to fight back or run away from the frightening situation. What are P, Q, R and S?