How do industries pollute water? Suggest any four measures to control water pollution.

Industries pollute water by dumping organic and inorganic wastes and effluent into the water bodies without treating them.

Four measures to control water pollution:

1. Use of water should be minimised in processing by reusing and recycling the products in successive stages.

2. Rainwater harvesting should be practiced by industries.

3. Hot water and effluents must be treated before release into ponds and rivers. It should be done in three phases: primary, secondary and tertiary.

4. Drawing of groundwater reserves must be regulated legally as overdrawing is harmful to the environment.

Explanation: Industries pollute the water bodies mainly to evade further costs of processing the waste and lack of awareness. It must be legally enforced to avoid environmental degradation.