Explain Kirchhoff's laws with examples.

Kirchhoff’s junction law states that at any junction point in a circuit where the current can divide the sum of currents into the junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction.

Here I₁, I₄ are currents into the junction whereas I₂, I₅, I₃ are currents out of a junction. So I₁ + I₄ = I₂ + I₃ + I₅

Kirchhoff’s loop law- The algebraic sum of increases and decreases in potential difference across various components of a closed circuit loop must be zero.

For loop ACDBA

-V₂ + I₂R₂ – I₁R₁ + V₁ = 0

For loop EFDCE

-(1₁ + 1₂) R₃ –I₂R₂ + V₂ = 0