A gland W is located just below the stomach in the human body. The gland W secrets a hormone X. The deficiency of hormone X in the body causes a disease Y in which the blood sugar level of a person rises too much. The person having high blood sugar is called Z. What are W, X, Y and Z?

When a human female reaches a certain age, then vaginal bleeding occurs for a few days after rehular intervals of time:

(a) what is this process known as (i) in scientific terms, and (ii) in everyday language?

(b) What is the human female said to have attained at this stage?

(c) What does the onset of this process in human female signify?

(d) At what particular event in the life of a human female this process stops temporarily but starts again?

(e) What name is given to the event when this process stops permanently?

A woman is in her reproductive phase of life. Even when the sperms are available at the time of release of a mature ovum by her ovary, fertilization does not take place. Due to this, the woman is unable to bear a baby.

(a) What is the most likely defect in the reproductive system of this woman?

(b) Name the technique by which this woman can also have a baby?

Raj Kumar and his wife Sunita have been blessed with a baby girl. On the other hand, Kripa Shanker and his wife Vimla have been blessed with a baby boy. What type of sex chromosome has been contributed:

(a) by raj Kumar

(b) by Sunita

(c) by Kirpa Shanker

(d) by Vimla

It was observed that the tadpoles are not growing into adult frogs in a village pond. A scientist who was asked to find the reason for this concluded that the pond water did not contain sufficient amount of a mineral P which could make a hormone Q. The hormone Q can causes a phenomenon R in tadpoles so that they become adult frogs.

(a) What are (i) P (ii) Q, and (ii) R?

(b) name one human disease which can also be caused due to the deficiency of P in the food and water.