Write a note on kingdom Monera.

Kingdom Monera is the first of the five kingdoms of biological classification. The kingdom Monera includes all prokaryotes such as mycoplasma, bacteria and blue green algae. They are the most primitive organisms. They also live in extreme habitats such as hot springs, deserts, snow and deep oceans where very few other life forms can survive. They are unicellular and do not have a defined nucleus. They have circular DNA, not enclosed by a nuclear membrane and not organized into well-defined chromosomes. It lies as a coiled mass, called nucleoid. Some of them have cell walls while some do not. The mode of nutrition of organisms in this group can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic. Reproduction by asexual method. True mitotic cell division absent.

Carl Woese (1977) divided Monera into two groups-Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.