Describe the technological and institutional reforms done in agriculture.

Agriculture is the prime occupation of India. But sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the pace of agricultural development. Most of the farmers have to depend on monsoon and natural fertility of the soil. It’s a major concern as 60% of the population have agriculture as their occupation. Therefore collectivisation, consolidation of hoarding, cooperation and abolition of zamindari were given priority to ring about institutional reforms after independence. The Government of India focused on introducing agricultural reforms to improve the agriculture of the country. ‘Land reform’, Green Revolution based on package technology, White revolution was some of the steps taken to improve agriculture. In 1990s comprehensive land development initiation was taken which included both institutional and technical reforms like provision of crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire break, diseases, the establishment of Grameen Bank which caters to the needs of the farmers, cooperative societies and banks which provide loan to farmers at a cheaper rate. Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some of the schemes introduced by the Government. Other helping means from the government include weather forecast, support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops. These are the ways in which technological and institutional reforms have been done in agriculture which provide support to farmers and bring all-round development of the country.