Q23 of 30 Page 1

What is inbreeding depression and how is it caused in organisms? Write any two advantages of inbreeding.

Inbreeding depression is the decreased or reduced fertility , productivity and fitness of the organism due to continuous or multiple inbreeding or breeding among the same individuals.

This happens due to accumulation and of the recessive harmful traits due continuous breeding among the similar individuals having similar genetic composition and thus expressing the recessive traits in a homozygous condition.


Advantages of inbreeding are:-


i) It increases homozygosity and thus promotes genetic uniformity.


ii) It is the best way to get pure genetic strains /alleles.


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(i) Give the base sequence of its complementary strand.


(ii) How are these base pairs held together in a DNA molecule?


(iii) Explain the base complementarity rules. Name the scientist who framed this rule.


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(a) Sickle celled anaemia in humans is a result of point mutation. Explain.

(b) Write the genotypes of both the parents who have produced a sickle celled anaemic offspring.


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Identify (A) and (B) illustrations in the following:

(i)


(ii)


(b) write the term given to (A) and (C) and why?


(c) Expand PCR. Mention its importance in biotechnology.


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The diagram above is that of a typical biogas plant. Explain the sequence of events occurring in a biogas plant. Identify a, b and c.