Describe any three features of Indian Federalism.
The features of Indian Federalism are:
● The constitution of India had originally provided the two-tier system of government- central Government and state government.
● The third year of federalism was added later in the form of Panchayat and municipality.
● The three tiers enjoy separate jurisdiction.
● There is a three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the central and the state government.
● There are three lists-
1. Union list which includes the subject of national importance such as defense, foreign affairs, and currency.
2. State list contains the subjects of state importance such as trade, irrigation, and Agriculture.
3. The concurrent list includes the subject of common interests such as education, trade union, and forest.
4. The subjects that do not fall into any of the above lists are called residuary subjects and the union government has the power to legislate on it.
● Some of the areas which are too small to become an independent state and could not be merged with any of the existing States such as Delhi and Chandigarh are called union territory.
● The central government has the power to run these.
● It is not easy to make any change in the power-sharing arrangement.
● The Parliament cannot change this arrangement on its own Accord.
● Any change first has to be passed by both the houses of Parliament with at least 2/3 majority. Then it has to be ratified by at least half of the total States.
● In case of any dispute about the division of power, the High Court and Supreme Court will make the decision. Central and state government have the power to raise resources by levying taxes to fulfill the responsibilities assigned to them.
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