Q64 of 167 Page 210

The wings of a housefly and the wings of a sparrow are an example of:

Analogous organs

Wings of a housefly and wings of a sparrow are analogous organs since they have similar function which is flying but they have evolved independently in each lineage separately after diverging from an ancestor without wing.

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62

The fossil trilobite was originally:

 63

One pair of organs in the following animals is not homologous. This is:

A. Forelimbs in humans and lizard


B. Forelimbs in lizard and frog


C. Wings in butterfly and bat


D. Wings in bat and bird

 65

Some of the important fossils which have been studied are those of organisms X, Y and Z. X were marine arthropods which were common between 400 to 600 million years ago. Y were the invertebrate animals (molluscs) with a flat, coiled, spiral shell which lived in the sea about 180 million years ago. Z are the extinct carnivorous or herbivorous reptiles which appeared on the earth about 250 million years ago and became extinct about 65 million years ago. What are X, Y and Z?

 66

The farmers have been cultivating a food plant X for over two thousand years and have produced as many as five entirely different looking vegetables A, B, C, D and E from it.

(a) What could the plant X be?


(b) What are A, B, C, D and E?


(c) What is the process of evolution involved in this example known as?