Write the products of the following reactions:
(i) 
(ii) 2C6H5CHO + conc. NaOH →
(iii) CH3COOH 
(b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid
(ii) Propanal and Propanone
(i) When cyclohexanone reacts with oxime (H2N—OH), it forms:
(ii) When benzaldehyde reacts with conc. NaOH, it forms:
(iii) When CH3COOH is treated with chlorine or phosphorus, it forms Cl—CH2—COOH
(b) (i) To distinguish between the Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid, we will perform NaHCO3 test:
Benzoic acid being an acid reacts with NaHCO3 solution to produce brisk effervescence due to the evolution of CO2 while benzaldehyde does not give this test.
C6H5COOH + NaHCO3 → C6H5COONa + CO2 + H2O
C6H5CHO + NaHCO3→ No effervescence due to evolution of CO2 gas
(ii) To distinguish between Propanal (aldehyde) and Propanone (ketone), we will perform a chemical test by using Tollen’s reagent:
Tollens’ reagent is an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate and is prepared by adding NH4OH solution to AgNO3 solution till the precipitate of Ag2O first formed just redissolves. When propanal (aldehyde) is heated with Tollens’ reagent, the latter is reduced to metallic silver which deposits on the walls of the test tube as bright silver mirror.
During this reduction, the following reaction occur:
⇒ Formation of Tollens’ reagent:
⇒ Now, propanal is treated with Tollens’ reagent:
The silver (Ag) thus deposited shines like a mirror. The formation of silver mirror confirms the presence of prpanal.
On the other hand, propanone(ketone) does not give this test. It does not form silver with Tollens’ reagent.
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