Discuss Haber’s process for industrial manufacture of ammonia.

Haber’s process:

i. Production of ammonia gas is carried out by Haber’s process:

ii. In this process, dihydrogen and dinitrogen are mixed together.

iii. They are passed over iron (Fe) catalyst to form ammonia.

iv. Two substances are used as promoters which are aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and potassium oxide (K₂O)

v. They are added to increases the efficiency of the catalyst. Hence, they are called promoters.

vi. By cooling the reaction mixture at temperature lower than 273K, ammonia can be separated from N₂ and H₂ gases.

vii. The reaction takes place given below:

Flow chart for the manufacture of ammonia gas