Evaluate the following indefinite integral:

OR

Evaluate the following indefinite integral:

We want to put every term in single entity, so multiply by sin x in numerator and denominator,

Substituting cos x = t, dt = – sin x dx

Now,

Now,

Substitute, t = cos x

OR

Since denominator has sin Φ thus for substitution we can substitute cos Φ = t

Now cos Φ = t

Therefore dt = – sin Φ dΦ

Substitute t = cos Φ