“Through proclamations the rebels of 1857 completely rejected everything associated with British rule or firangi raj”. Cite any four aspects to support this statement.

OR

“By the 1850s, the Santhals felt that the time had come to rebel against zamindars, moneylenders and the colonial state. ” Identify aspects related to the statement.

The proclamations condemned the British for the annexations carried out by them and the treaties that they broke.

1. It condemned the British policy of land revenue settlement and dispossessing both big and small landholders.

2. The proclamations condemned every aspect of British rule and they were accused of destroying the Indian culture and art forms.

3. The proclamations expressed the widespread fear that the British intended to convert Hindu and Muslim to Christians.

4. The proclamations required combined efforts from all social groups to fight against the Britishers.

OR

Santhals were a group of tribals concentrated in the state of Bihar and were mainly agriculturists. Their insurrection led to the permanent land settlement of 1793.

Following were the causes of their rebellion-

1) they were abused and forced to pay all kinds of taxes by the zamindars, police, revenue collectors etc.

They were disposed of their properties as well.

2) An exorbitant rate of interest was charged upon them.

3) The rich peasants also trespassed on the lands of the tenants.

4) Europeans caused and inflicted unjust acts of oppression upon them.

5) Thus by 1850s Santhals rose up against this injustice and rebelled against the zamindars, money lenders etc. and in 1856 Santhal Pargana was created.