Q2 of 26 Page 1

State a method of cellular defense which works in all eukaryotic organisms.

A method of cellular defense which works in all eukaryotic organisms is RNA interference mechanism also called RNAi. In this process, the particular mRNA to be silenced is targeted and is neutralised by inhibiting gene expression or translation. This is also called as mRNA silencing. This silencing is initiated by a complementary dsRNA which comes from viral infections. These viruses have RNA genomes that use RNA intermediates to carry out its replication. By silencing the specific mRNA, its translation cannot occur , thereby any synthesis of polypeptide chains.


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1

A certain tissue, of a plant, infected with TMV was used to obtain a new plant using tissue culture technique. Identify the technique used and reason out the possibility of obtaining a new healthy plant.

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In the case of an infertile couple, the male partner can inseminate normally but the mobility of sperms are below 40 per cent. Judge, which kind of ART is suitable in this situation to form an embryo in the laboratory, without involving a donor?

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PCR requires very high-temperature conditions where most of the enzymes get denatured. How was this problem resolved in a PCR?

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If two genes are located far apart from each other on a chromosome, what will be its effect on the frequency of recombination?