If two genes are located far apart from each other on a chromosome, what will be its effect on the frequency of recombination?

In the case of an infertile couple, the male partner can inseminate normally but the mobility of sperms are below 40 per cent. Judge, which kind of ART is suitable in this situation to form an embryo in the laboratory, without involving a donor?

PCR requires very high-temperature conditions where most of the enzymes get denatured. How was this problem resolved in a PCR?

The alarming population growth is leading to scarcity of basic requirements. Suggest with the reason, any two population control measures other than contraception to address the situation.

Both Down’s syndrome and Turner’s syndrome are examples of chromosomal disorders. Cite the differences between the two, at the chromosomal level.