Write the structure of the main products in the following reactions:

(a) Identify the chiral molecule in the following pair ?

(b) Write the structure of the product when chlorobenzene is treated with methyl chloride in the presence of sodium metal and dry ether.

(c) Write the structure of the alkene formed by dehydrohalogenation of 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane with alcoholic KOH.

(A), (B) and (C) are three non-cyclic functional isomers of a carbonyl compound with molecular formula C ₄H ₈O . Isomers (A) and (C) give positive Tollen’s test whereas isomer (B) does not give Tollen’s test but gives positive Iodoform test. Isomers (A) and (B) on reduction with Zn(Hg)/conc. HCl give the same product (D).

(a) Write the structures of (A), (B), (C) and (D).

(b) Out of (A), (B) and(C) isomers, which one is least reactive towards addition of HCN?

(a) Why is bithional added to soap?

(b) What is the tincture of iodine ? Write its one use.

(c) Among the following, which one acts as a food preservative ?

Aspartame, Aspirin, Sodium Benzoate, Paracetamol

Define the following with an example of each :

(a) Polysaccharides

(b) Denatured protein

(c) Essential amino acids

OR

(a) Write the product when D-glucose reacts with conc. HNO₃^.

D-glucose + HNO₃→

(b) Amino acids show amphoteric behaviour. Why?