Q14 of 26 Page 1

How does Darwin’s theory of natural selection explain the increase in the number of antibiotic resistant pests in our ecosystem?

Excess use of herbicides and pesticides has resulted in selection of resistant varieties in much lesser time scale (Darwin’s theory of natural selection). This is also true for pests against which we employ antibiotics. The varieties which survive the action of antibiotics produce more varieties like them. This results in the increase in their population. Hence, Darwin’s theory of natural selection explains the increase in the population of antibiotic resistant pests.


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(a) Banana is categorized as true fruit and a parthenocarpic fruit.


(b) Apple fruit develops only after fertilisation but is referred to as a false fruit.


(c) Castor seed is dicotyledonous and albuminous.


OR


“Seeds offer several advantages to angiosperms”. Explain.


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What is a cloning vector? Describe any two features that are required to facilitate cloning into a vector.