Q21 of 26 Page 1

How are ‘competent’ bacteria transformed with recombinant DNA ? Explain.

The recombinant DNA can be forced into competent bacterial cells by the following steps:

a. Incubating the cells with recombinant DNA on ice


b. Followed by placing them briefly at 42° C(Heat shock)


c. and then back on ice.


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19

Write the three basic steps involved in genetically modifying an organism.

 20

(a) Write the importance of gel electrophoresis in biotechnology.

(b) Explain the different steps carried in gel electrophoresis to get the desired results.


 22

What is Altitude Sickness ? How does your body physiologically adapt to overcome it ?

OR


Where and how does the Primary Succession occur ? Explain.


 23

The practice of defecation in the open fields is not advised due to many reasons. Such a practice affects human health by causing and spreading diseases. Name a disease thus caused with any two symptoms and mode of infection. Also name the causative organism.