The practice of defecation in the open fields is not advised due to many reasons. Such a practice affects human health by causing and spreading diseases. Name a disease thus caused with any two symptoms and mode of infection. Also name the causative organism.

How are ‘competent’ bacteria transformed with recombinant DNA ? Explain.

What is Altitude Sickness ? How does your body physiologically adapt to overcome it ?

OR

Where and how does the Primary Succession occur ? Explain.

(a) Seeds offer several advantages to angiosperms. Describe any three such advantages.

(b) Why is banana called a parthenocarpic fruit? Would you call banana a true fruit ? Give reason in support of your answer.

OR

(a) Describe ovarian events in the menstrual cycle of the female reproductive system in humans.

(b) Explain the role played by pituitary hormones during the events described above

(a) Mention the traits in pea plants, where a single gene product produces more than one phenotypic effect. Write their effect in homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive states.

(b) Taking an example of human blood groups, explain dominance, co-dominance and multiple allelism.

OR

(a) How can the comparative study made of the fore limbs of different mammals be considered an evidence for evolution ?

(b) What are these compared limbs called and why ?

(c) Name the kind of evolution it is a result of.