Describe any three outcomes of early initiatives for planned development in India.

OR

Elaborate any three arguments are given by the critics against the mixed model of the economy adopted by India.

The three outcomes of early initiatives for planned development in India are:

1. Land reforms-

I. It included the consolidation of land holdings to the farmers. The small and fragmented holdings were done away with.

II. The land was taken away from the exploitative zamindars and given to landless farmers.

III. The evil system of Zamindari was abolished.

B. Green revolution-

1. It included the use of HYV-High yielding a variety of seeds, pesticides, insecticides, better irrigation facilities, etc.

2. It led to a boost in food production.

3. It had positive effects in Punjab and Haryana, especially in the case of wheat and rice.

C. Future Development-

1. It led to forming a base for the set up of heavy industries such as iron, cement, etc.

2. It led to the system of irrigation and electricity generation.

3. It formed a better infrastructure of communication and transportation.

OR

India had adopted a mixed model of economy which gave equal weight to both the private and public sectors of the country, It was by many due to the following reasons:

1. The model was not suitable as it did not give enough space and stimulus to the private sector to grow.

2. The system of licenses and permits was believed to lead to corruption.

3. The public sectors such as health and education were ignored.

4. It led to the creation of a middle class who enjoyed privileges without any accountability.

5. The public sector was entrusted with more responsibility than it could handle. This could lead to inefficiency.