Q18 of 27 Page 1

How can inbreeding be both advantageous and disadvantageous in cattle breeding programme? (Mention any two advantages and two disadvantages)

Advantages of cattle breeding programme:

1. It increases homozygosity, i.e., the development of pure lines.


2. It helps in the accumulation of superior genes and the elimination of less desirable genes by the process of selection.


Disadvantages of cattle breeding programme:


1. It reduces fertility of the cattle.


2. It reduces productivity of the cattle.


This is known as inbreeding depression.


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16


a) State the hypothesis which S.L. Miller tried to prove in the laboratory with the help of the set up given above.


b) Name the organic compound observed by him in the liquid water after running the above experiment.


c) A scientist simulated a similar set up and added CH4, NH3 and water vapour at 800℃. Which important component is missing in his experiment?


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(a)


b) A polypeptide consists of 14 different amino acids.


i) How many base pairs must be there in the processed mRNA that codes for this polypeptide?


ii) How many different types of tRNA are needed for the synthesis of this polypeptide?


 19

“Specific Bt Toxin gene is incorporated into cotton plant so as to control infestation of Bollworm”. Mention the organism from which the gene was isolated and explain its mode of action.

 20

State any two criteria for determining biodiversity hotspots. Name any two hotspots designated in India.

OR


Differentiate between in-situ and ex-situ approaches for conserving biodiversity. Give an example for each.