Q20 of 27 Page 1

State any two criteria for determining biodiversity hotspots. Name any two hotspots designated in India.

OR


Differentiate between in-situ and ex-situ approaches for conserving biodiversity. Give an example for each.


Two criteria for determining biodiversity hotspots are:

1. Regions with high levels of species richness, i.e., the number of different species represented in a region.


2. Regions with high degree of endemism, i.e., species that are confined to one particular region only but not found anywhere else.


Two hotspots in India are: Western Ghats and The Himalayas.


OR



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18

How can inbreeding be both advantageous and disadvantageous in cattle breeding programme? (Mention any two advantages and two disadvantages)

 19

“Specific Bt Toxin gene is incorporated into cotton plant so as to control infestation of Bollworm”. Mention the organism from which the gene was isolated and explain its mode of action.

 21

When the gene product is required in large amounts, so transformed bacteria with the plasmid inside the bacteria are cultured on a large scale in an industrial fermenter which then synthesizes its protein. This product is extracted from the fermenter for commercial use.

a) Why is the used medium drained out from one side while fresh medium is added from the other?


(b) List any four optimum conditions for achieving the desired product in a bioreactor.


 22


With reference to the above schematic diagram of Spermatogenesis (a) and Oogenesis (b), answer the following questions:


a) About 300 million spermatozoa may be present in a human male ejaculation at one time. Calculate how many spermatocytes will be involved to produce this number of spermatozoa.


b) How many spermatids will be formed?


c) How many chromatids are found during Oogenesis in Primary oocyte and First polar body in a human female?