Q24 of 27 Page 1

(a) Differentiate between antiseptic and disinfectant. Give one example of each.

(b) Why do we require artificial sweetening agents?


OR


Define the following terms:


(a) Tranquilizers


(b) Ant-acids


(c) Analgesics


(a) Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. Examples are furacine, soframicine, etc.


Disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments, etc. Example one percent solution of phenol is disinfectant.


(b) We require artificial sweetening agents because it is excreted from the body in urine unchanged. It appears to be entirely inert and harmless when taken. Its use is of great value to diabetic persons and people who need to control intake of calories.


OR


(a) Tranquilizers are neurologically active drugs. These affect the message transfer mechanism from nerve to receptor. Tranquilizers are a class of chemical compounds used for the treatment of stress, and mild or even severe mental diseases. These relieve anxiety, stress, irritability or excitement by inducing a sense of well-being. Examples are chlordiazepoxide and meprobamate.


(b) Ant-acids are used for treatment of acidity, such as sodium hydrogencarbonate or a mixture of aluminium and magnesium hydroxide.


(c) Analgesics are neurologically active drugs. They reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, incoordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous system.


More from this chapter

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22

(a) What happens when D-glucose is treated with the following reagents: (i) HI (ii) conc. HNO3

(b) What is the basic structural difference between starch and cellulose?


 23

(a) Write the names of monomers of following polymer :

(b) What does part 6,6 mean in the polymer Nylon-6,6 ?


(c) Give an example of Biodegradable polymer.


 25

(a) A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has a freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% solution (by mass) of glucose in water. The freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.

(b) Why is osmotic pressure of 1 M KCl higher than 1 M urea solution?


(c) What type of liquids form ideal solutions?


OR


(a) 1.0 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene by 0.40 K. The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12 K kg/mol. Find the molar mass of the solute.


(b) What is the significance of Henry’s law constant, KH?


(c) What leads to anoxia?


 26

A crystalline solid ‘A’ burns in air to form a gas ‘B’ which turns lime water milky. The gas is also produced as a by-product during roasting of sulphide ore. This gas decolorizes acidified KMnO4 (aq.) solution and reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+. Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’ and write the reactions involved.

OR


Answer the following:


(a) Arrange the following hydrides of Group 16 elements in the decreasing order of their acidic strength: H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te


(b) Which one of PCl4+ and PCl4- is not likely to exist and why?


(c) Which allotrope of sulphur is thermally stable at room temperature?


(d) Write the formula of a compound of phosphorus which is obtained when conc. HNO3 oxidizes P4.


(e) Why does PCl3 fume in moisture?