Q23 of 32 Page 1

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:

Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society


– like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family –should be preserved. Most conservatives, however, did not propose a return to the society of pre-revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make state power more effective and stronger. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe. In 1815, representatives of the European powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.


Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option


(i) Which of the following statements correctly describes about European conservative ideology?


A. Preservation of believes introduced by Napoleon


B. Preservation of two sects of Christianity


C. Preservation of socialist ideology in economic sphere


D. Preservation of traditionalist beliefs in state and society




(ii) Identify the purpose to convene the Vienna of Congress in 1815 from the following options?


A. To declare competition of German unification


B. To restore conservative regime in Europe


C. To declare war against France


D. To start the process of Italian Unification


(iii) What did conservatives focus on at the Congress of Vienna? Select the appropriate option.(1)


A. To re-establish peace and stability in Europe


B. To establish socialism in Europe


C. To introduce democracy in France


D. To set up a new Parliament in Austria


(iv) How did the Congress of Vienna ensure peace in Europe? Select the appropriate option.


A. With the restoration of Bourbon Dynasty


B. Austria was not given the control of Northern Italy


C. Laying out a balance of power between all the great powers in Europe


D. By giving power to the German confederation



(i) D


Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization.


(ii) B


It was a quest for a balance of powers, so that future wars and revolutions could be prevented.


(iii) A


The goal of the conservatives at this meeting was to re establish peace and stability in Europe. To accomplish this, a new balance of power had to be established.


(iv) C


By restoring old ruling families and creating buffer zones between all major powers.


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Imagine yourself to be XYZ, a member of women Self- Help Group. Analyze the ways through which your group provides loan to the members.

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‘The issue of sustainability is important for development.’ Examine the statement.

 24

Read the text given below and answer the following questions.

Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible. Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand. For instance, the agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.


Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option


(i) Manufacturing industries fall in and agriculture in .


A. Primary, Secondary Sector


B. Secondary, Tertiary Sector


C. Primary, Tertiary Sector


D. Secondary, Primary Sector


(ii) Manufacturing provides job opportunities to reduce dependence on agriculture. Identify which sector the following jobs belong to –



Choose the correct option –


A. a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4


B. a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1


C. a-2, b-3, c-1, d-2


D. a-4, b-1, c-4, d-3


(iii) Which of the following options does not help in modernising agriculture?


A. Manufacturing farm equipment


B. Providing unskilled labour force


C. Supplying fertilizers and pesticides


D. Producing tube well pumps and sprinklers


(iv) In order to attract foreign manufacturing firms, a country needs to develop


A. Agrarian facilities


B. Cultivable lands


C. Media facilities


D. Infrastructure facilities


 25

Read the given extract and answer the following questions.

In a democracy, we are most concerned with ensuring that people will have the right to choose their rulers and people will have control over the rulers. Whenever possible and necessary, citizens should be able to participate in decision making, that affects them all. Therefore, the most basic outcome of democracy should be that it produces a government that is accountable to the citizens, and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens. Some people think that democracy produces less effective government. It is, of course, true that non-democratic rulers are very quick and efficient in decision making and implementation, whereas, democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. So, some delay is bound to take place. But, because it has followed procedures, its decisions may be both more acceptable to the people and more effective. Moreover, when citizens want to know if a decision was taken through the correct procedures, they can find this out. They have the right and the means to examine the process of decision making. This is known as transparency. This factor is often missing from a non-democratic government. There is another aspect in which democratic government is certainly better than its alternatives: democratic government is legitimate government. It may be slow, less efficient, not always very responsive, or clean. But a democratic government is people’s own government.


Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option


(i) People’s right to choose their own rulers is called as the –


A. Right to Initiate


B. Right to Plebiscite


C. Right to Vote


D. Right to Referendum


(ii) Which of the following options helps in promoting transparency in the governance?


A. Right to education


B. Right to information


C. Right against exploitation


D. Right to speech and expression


(iii) _________make/s the government legitimate.


A. Credibility of politicians


B. People’s movements


C. Free and fair elections


D. Holding of powers


(iv) Decisions in a democracy are more acceptable to the people because they are


A. Taken swiftly and implemented quickly


B. Taken by giving privileges to the people


C. Taken through elites’ votes


D. Taken after following due processes