Read the text given below and answer the following questions.

Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible. Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand. For instance, the agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option

(i) Manufacturing industries fall in and agriculture in .

A. Primary, Secondary Sector

B. Secondary, Tertiary Sector

C. Primary, Tertiary Sector

D. Secondary, Primary Sector

(ii) Manufacturing provides job opportunities to reduce dependence on agriculture. Identify which sector the following jobs belong to –

Choose the correct option –

A. a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4

B. a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1

C. a-2, b-3, c-1, d-2

D. a-4, b-1, c-4, d-3

(iii) Which of the following options does not help in modernising agriculture?

A. Manufacturing farm equipment

B. Providing unskilled labour force

C. Supplying fertilizers and pesticides

D. Producing tube well pumps and sprinklers

(iv) In order to attract foreign manufacturing firms, a country needs to develop

A. Agrarian facilities

B. Cultivable lands

C. Media facilities

D. Infrastructure facilities

Read the given extract and answer the following questions.

In a democracy, we are most concerned with ensuring that people will have the right to choose their rulers and people will have control over the rulers. Whenever possible and necessary, citizens should be able to participate in decision making, that affects them all. Therefore, the most basic outcome of democracy should be that it produces a government that is accountable to the citizens, and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens. Some people think that democracy produces less effective government. It is, of course, true that non-democratic rulers are very quick and efficient in decision making and implementation, whereas, democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. So, some delay is bound to take place. But, because it has followed procedures, its decisions may be both more acceptable to the people and more effective. Moreover, when citizens want to know if a decision was taken through the correct procedures, they can find this out. They have the right and the means to examine the process of decision making. This is known as transparency. This factor is often missing from a non-democratic government. There is another aspect in which democratic government is certainly better than its alternatives: democratic government is legitimate government. It may be slow, less efficient, not always very responsive, or clean. But a democratic government is people’s own government.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option

(i) People’s right to choose their own rulers is called as the –

A. Right to Initiate

B. Right to Plebiscite

C. Right to Vote

D. Right to Referendum

(ii) Which of the following options helps in promoting transparency in the governance?

A. Right to education

B. Right to information

C. Right against exploitation

D. Right to speech and expression

(iii) _________make/s the government legitimate.

A. Credibility of politicians

B. People’s movements

C. Free and fair elections

D. Holding of powers

(iv) Decisions in a democracy are more acceptable to the people because they are

A. Taken swiftly and implemented quickly

B. Taken by giving privileges to the people

C. Taken through elites’ votes

D. Taken after following due processes

How did people belonging to different communities, regions or language groups develop a sense

of collective belonging in the nineteenth century India? Explain.

OR

Explain the meaning and notion of ‘Swaraj’ as perceived by the plantation workers. How did they respond to the call of ‘the Non – Cooperation movement’?

Describe the role of mass communication in India.

OR

Describe the benefits of Roadways.