Q34 of 60 Page 33

Why detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps? Explain.

Soaps work better and effectively in soft water and not in hard water. This happens because soap forms precipitate (or scum) after reacting with magnesium and calcium ions present in hard water. Detergents work good in soft water as well as hard water because they do not form precipitate (or scum) even in hard water as calcium and magnesium salts are soluble in water. Hence, detergents form more lather and clean better than soaps.


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32

Identify and name the functional groups present in the following compounds.

 33

A compound X is formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid C2H4O2 and an alcohol in presence of a few drops of H2SO4. The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline KMnO4 followed by acidification gives the same carboxylic acid as used in this reaction. Give the names and structures of (a) carboxylic acid, (b) alcohol and (c) the compound X. Also write the reaction.

 35

Name the functional groups present in the following compounds:

(a) CH3CO CH2CH2CH2CH3


(b) CH3CH2CH2 COOH


(c) CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO


(d) CH3CH2OH

 36

How is ethene prepared from ethanol? Give the reaction involved in it.