Q43 of 60 Page 33

Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain multiple bonds between the two C atoms and show addition reactions. Give the test to distinguish ethane from ethene.

To distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, combustion test should be performed. A saturated hydrocarbon undergoes complete combustion and burns with blue flame. Also, it does not leave any residue behind after burning. On the contrary, a unsaturated hydrocarbon undergoes incomplete combustion and burns with yellow flame. Also, it leaves some residue behind after burning. Ethane is a saturated hydrocarbon. Thus, burns with a blue flame and does not leave residue behind. Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Thus burns with a yellow flame and leaves some residue behind.


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41

In electron dot structure, the valence shell electrons are represented by crosses or dots.

(a) The atomic number of chlorine is 17. Write its electronic configuration?


(b) Draw the electron dot structure of chlorine molecule.

 42

Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons.

 44

Match the reactions given in Column (A) with the names given in column (B).

Column (A)


(a)


(b)


(c)


(d)


Column (B)


(i) Addition reaction


(ii) Substitution reaction


(iii) Neutralization reaction


(iv) Esterification reaction

 45

Write the structural formulae of all the isomers of hexane.