Q8 of 61 Page 1

Write the names and general formula of a chain of hydrocarbons in which an addition reaction with hydrogen can take place. State the essential conditions required for an addition reaction to occur write the chemical equation giving the name of the reactant and the product of such a reaction.

Addition reactions with hydrogen takes place in unsaturated hydrocarbons which are Alkenes and Alkynes.

The General formulae for Alkenes and Alkynes are following:


Alkenes: CnH2n


Alkynes: CnH2n-2


The essential conditions required for an addition reaction to occur is:


1. Hydrocarbon should be unsaturated.


2. The addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated carbon.


The chemical equation giving the name of the reactant and the product of such a reaction is as follows:


When Ethene undergoes addition reaction with hydrogen in presence of Ni as a catalyst, the product formed is a saturated hydrocarbon which is Ethane. The chemical reaction is as follows:



This reaction is called Hydrogenation.


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6

Why is Government of India imposing a ban on the use of polythene bags? Suggest two alternatives to these bags and explain how this ban is likely to improve the environment.

 7

State the meaning of functional group in a carbon compound. Write the functional group present in

(i) ethanol and


(ii) ethanoic acid arid also draw their structures.

 9

Based on the group valency of elements state the formula for the following giving justification for each:

(i) Oxides of 1st group elements,


(ii) Halides of the elements of group 13, and


(iii) Compounds formed when an element of group 2 combines with an element of group 16.

 10

(a) Define the following terms:

(i) Valency; (ii) Atomic size


(b) How do the valency and' the atomic size of the elements vary while going from left to right along a period in the modern periodic table?