Q2 of 32 Page 32

State the three Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Mendel’s laws of inheritance are:

(1) Law of Dominance: According to Mendel’s law of dominance, out of a pair of contrasting characters present together, only one is able to express itself while the other remains suppressed. The expressed character is “dominant” while the unexpressed character is the “recessive”.


(ii) Law of segregation: This law is also known as the law of purity of gametes. It states that the two factors (genes) of each character segregate or separate during gamete formation and the paired condition restored by the random fusion of gametes during fertilization.


(iii) Law of independent assortment: This law states that factors (gene) for different pairs of contrasting characters are assorted independent of one another during gamete formation.


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5

In a certain species of animals, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Show the possible ratio of genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of the pure breeding different coloured parents.

 1

Explain the following terms:

(a) Heterozygous


(b) Homozygous


(c) Pedigree chart.

 3

Does the sex of the child depend on the father or it is just a matter of chance? Discuss.

 1

In a certain species of animals, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Predict the genotype and phenotype of the offspring when both parents are 'Bb' or have heterozygous black fur.