Describe the functions of the following:

(a) Inguinal canal

(b) Prostate gland

(c) Testis

(d) Ovary

(a) Inguinal canal: It is a canal like structure. The functions are:

1. It allows the descent of testes along with their ducts, blood vessels, and nerves into the abdomen in males.

2. In females, the round ligament of the uterus descends into the abdomen.

(b) Prostate gland: It is a bilobed structure which surrounds the urethra. Its functions are:

1. It pours an alkaline secretion into the semen.

2. The prostate also acts as a pump that forces the semen out of the penis.

(c) Testis: Testis is a male reproductive organ. There a pair of testes present in a scrotal sac descended outside the body cavity. The functions are:

1. Testes produce sperms which are the male gametes.

2. They are also responsible for the production of testosterone - primary male sex hormone.

(d) Ovary: Ovary is a female reproductive organ. Its functions are:

1. It produces ova i.e. female gametes.

2. Ovaries are responsible for the secretion of estrogen and progesterone - the primary female sex hormones.

(e) Oviduct: A pair of the oviduct is present on either side of the uterus. Its functions are:

1. Oviduct carries the released ovum from the ovary to the uterus.

2. It also acts as a site for the fertilization of the egg.