Q10 of 37 Page 1

Write the equations involved in the following reactions:

(i) Wolff-Kishner reduction


(ii) Etard reaction

Wolff-Kushner reduction: In this reaction, the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones ( >C = O) is reduced to CH2 group on treatment with hydrazine (NH2NH2) followed by heating with sodium or potassium hydroxide ( NaOH or KOH ) in high boiling solvent such as ethylene glycol.


>C = O >C = NNH2 + H2O


>C = NNH2 >CH2 + N2


Etard reaction: In this reaction, chromyl chloride (CrO2Cl2) oxidizes methyl group present on toluene to a chromium complex, which on hydrolysis gives corresponding benzaldehyde.



Toluene chromium complex intermediate benzaldehyde


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8

Draw the structures of the following :

(i) H2S2O7


(ii) SeF6

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Calculate the degree of dissociation (α) of acetic acid if its molar conductivity (^m) is 39.05 S cm2 mol–1.

Given λ°(H+) = 349.6 S cm2mol–1 and λ°(CH3COO–) = 40.9S cm2 mol–1

 11

A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of 269.15 K. Calculate the freezing point of 10% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.

Given : (Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol–1)


(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol–1)

 12

A. Calculate the mass of Ag deposited at cathode when a current of 2 amperes was passed through a solution of AgNO3 for 15 minutes.

(Given Molar mass of Ag = 108g mol–1 1F = 96500 C mol–1)


B. Define fuel cell.