Q20 of 37 Page 1

Define the following :

(i) Anionic detergents


(ii) Broad spectrum antibiotics


(iii) Antiseptic

(i) Anionic detergents: The category of detergents in which the anionic part of the detergent molecule is huge and is involved in cleaning action are anionic detergents. Anionic detergents are basically sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons.


(ii) Broad-spectrum antibiotics: Antibiotics which can kill or inhibit a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and have a broad spectrum of action are said to be broad-spectrum antibiotics.


(iii) Antiseptics: Antiseptics are defined as the chemical substances which are applied to living tissues to kill or prevent the growth of disease-causing microorganisms.


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18

Write structures of compounds A, B and C in each of the following reactions :

A.


B.


Do the following conversions in not more than two steps :


(i) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde


(ii) Ethyl benzene to Benzoic acid


(iii) Propanone to Propene

 19

Write the structures of the monomers used for getting the following polymers : (i) Dacron (ii) Melamine – formaldehyde polymer (iii) Buna-N

 21

Give reasons :

(i) Thermal stability decreases from H2O to H2Te.


(ii) Fluoride ion has higher hydration enthalpy than chloride ion.


(iii) Nitrogen does not form pentahalide.

 22

Given reasons :

(i) Acetylation of aniline reduces its activation effect.


(ii) CH3NH2 is more basic than C6H5NH2.


(iii) Although –NH2 is o/p directing group, yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m-nitroaniline.